The Unstoppable Virus of the Black Plague - 663 Words

The Black Plague started in 1347 CE and ended in 1351 CE. Europe declined dramatically by the spreading of an unstoppable virus sent from central Asia. As the virus spread through towns, villages, and across countries, dead bodies of the victims caught by the virus started to pile and gather. As more bodies began to pileup, they were dumped into pits. (Wilson 438) There were many effects of the Black Plague in Europe. The three most important effects of the Black Plague was 1/3 to 1/2 of the European population died, land became worthless, and Jews were blamed for the outbreak and was targeted by Europeans. This impacted Europe socially and economically. The Black Plague began in central Asia. It originated from southern China and went along the Silk Road. It crossed through central Asia, India and also into the middle East. (Stock Vol.4) Later on, scientists found out the cause of the Black Plague to start was ships and carriers, which had rats onboard that were infested by fleas. India was deeply affected by this, resulting in 13 million deaths. (Wells 1097) The most common disease during the Black Plague was the bubonic plague. A person can only obtain it when a flea, that is already infected, bites a person or when there’s a cut in the person’s skin for bacteria to go through. People who had been infected can get fevers, headaches, and chills. (Wells 1097) The bubonic plague was painful and had swollen lymph nodes. Inside of it was black, full of bloodShow MoreRelatedMedieval Europe : The Dark Ages1231 Words   |  5 Pageswealth and knowledge. There were many unpleasant factors in this downward spiral in humanity. At the time in Europe, there had been mass starvation since many trading cities were destroyed by Vikings . Diseases such as measles, smallpox and bubonic plague killed many people as well. Raiders such as Vikings and knights looted villages and killed anyone or took them captive if they stood in their way. There we re many revolts of the townsfolk because most emperors at the time were more interested in wealthRead More Emerging Infectious Diseases Essay2588 Words   |  11 Pageswere unmercifully obliterated in a mere two years by the Bubonic plague (10.a). However, the wrath of the Bubonic plague did not end in those two years, as it continued to invade the European expanse for the next two hundred years (1348-1530) as an epidemic commonly known as the Black Death (10.d). The next Bubonic plague outbreak occurred in south-central, southwestern, and northern India accompanied also by the Pneumonic plague in 1994 (10.c). An outbreak of Marburg disease, a type of hemorrhagicRead MoreThe Demon in the Freezer Essays12595 Words   |  51 Pagesscience, the smallpox virus now resides, officially, in only two high-security freezers--at the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta and in Siberia, at a Russian virology institute called Vector. But the demon in the freezer has been set loose. It is alm ost certain that illegal stocks are in the possession of hostile states, including Iraq and North Korea. Jahrling is haunted by the thought that biologists in secret labs are using genetic engineering to create a new superpox virus, a smallpox resistantRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesand the healing process is progressing. Long-jailed former black president Nelson Mandela is recognized as a world leader. These significant developments have led to an increasing number of the world’s MNCs returning to South Africa; however, there continue to be both social and economic problems that, despite Mandela’s and his successors’ best efforts, signal uncertain times for the years ahead. One major initiative is the country’s Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) program, designed to reintegrate

Middle Age and Renaissance Art Free Essays

Gothic Art is art of the Middle Ages. Early Middle Age art is also known as the Dark ages (410 AD-ADDED). After the Dark ages came the Medieval era (1066-1485) Then on to the Renaissance era. We will write a custom essay sample on Middle Age and Renaissance Art or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the Middle Ages the Roman Empire was spilt into two sections, the Eastern and the Western part of the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire fell, the Western part disintegrated, while the Eastern or Byzantium Empire stayed intact. The art reflects the differences between the development of Catholic Religion and the Byzantium Empire. Byzantium Art had characteristics of religious art, somber tones, flat, one dimensional, no shadows, narrow, and solemn faces. Medieval Gothic Art broke away from Byzantium Art and Romanesque styles. Changes included : Brighter colors, sculptures, metal work out of bronze, stained glass, use of shadows and light, use of symmetry, and depiction of animals and mythological scenes (middle-ages. Com, 2013). Ghetto did Bonnet’s The Last Supper was a painting from this period. Renaissance Art began in Italy around the late 13th and early 14th entry and continued through the 17th century. Art from this period was mostly of religious nature. It was described as a period of rebirth. This was a time of greater prosperity and new technologies. There were three major phases of Renaissance Art, Early, High, and Late. In these phases inspiration came from antiquity, creating realistic figures that had portrayed personality and behavior (history. Com, 2013). Focus was on the laws of proportion for architecture, human body, and space. Experimentation with oil based paints allowed the artist to change his art as he shed for months as it didn’t dry fast. Leonardo dad Vine’s The Last Supper was a famous painting from this opened. ART 2 The Last Supper by Ghetto did Bonded and Leonardo dad Vinci both were based on the New Testament. In the Last Supper by Ghetto did Bonded, he did not attempt to imitate reality; there is no depth, and no light source. The goal was to teach the Christian faith. The Last Supper by Leonardo dad Vinci was the first to depict reality, with each person displaying an emotion. This is what made his work remarkable (history. Mom, 2013). Both Middle Age art and Renaissance art had religion as common ground. The Middle Ages was a separation of the Western and Eastern Roman Empire. It reflected the difference between the development of the Catholic religion in the west and Byzantium Empire. Renaissance art was mostly religious stemming from the end of the Middle Ages. Renaissance art was more visually accurate and secular. It had more realistic backgrounds that indicated realism, creativity and appreciation of physical nature. The purpose was decoration and self-expression, not like the middle ages. By Renaissance art introducing realism, it allowed the common person to enjoy tales, and this tradition continues in today’s society. As the Renaissance art went out, mannerism came in. It was a different kind of art. It showed more clashing colors, disquieting figures, emotion, and bizarre themes that combined classicism, Christianity, and mythology (about. Com, 2013) How to cite Middle Age and Renaissance Art, Papers

Human Development Essay Example For Students

Human Development Essay Human Development Essay is very important in terms of living conditions in different countries. The statement any society committed to improving the lives of its people must also be committed to full and equal rights for all is true. The UN considers three factors to calculate human development in a country. These factors cover many aspects of a country, including social development in a country. Income, education, and healthy living are considered to be the most important factors in human development, which help to rid populations of poverty, and support human rights. First, the improvement of lives is directly related to human rights. According to the 2000 UN Human Development Report, a more developed country with more rights today, as opposed to 1970, can expect a newborn to live 10 more years, adult literacy cut in half, and infant mortality rates cut by over 40%. The more freedom and rights a person has, the more opportunity, and better chance for a good standard of living. The International Covenant of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights declared that the rights to food, health, education and privacy were fundamental building blocks of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Humans, then, can realize what they are capable of achieving. However, a less developed country with less freedom, demotivates people and takes away opportunity for one to achieve their best. Once she found a group of friends to join she started dating. Anne became sexually involved with her first boyfriend and became pregnant. She decided that it would be best to terminate the pregnancy and continue on with school. The psychosocial crisis for this life stage is group identity versus alienation. Anne started this stage alienated from society. She did not have any real friends and was often by herself. Toward the end of this stage she began to identify with a group a people who became her friends. Because she had been alienated from society previously she fell prey to peer pressure in order to remain a member of the group. She was pressured into having sex, which led to the pregnancy. All of these factors led to the core pathology of dissociation. She has trouble keeping friends and is not completely comfortable dating. Currently Anne is in the Later Adolescence stage of development. She is learning to be out on her own for the first time in her life. Because she is away at school she does not have the guidance that her parents once gave her. She has to make decisions about her life and life choices. So far she has not had much success in making these choices. She almost decided to quit school and move in with her boyfriend. This poor planning has left her very behind in school making her have to attend for an extra year in order to graduate. She also decided that it was all right to smoke marijuana. This led to problems with the law, which is not good considering that she is a criminal justice major. Next year she will be moving into an apartment and will have to work in order to support herself. This is another step toward autonomy from her parents. Anne is figuring out the different aspects of her gender identity. She is taking on new life roles everyday. She must balance her time between being a student, friend, co-worker, lover, all the while making the transition from child to adult. She has been having trouble making the transition from childhood to adulthood. After high school she was holding on to her childhood for dear life but now is learning how to let go and move on. Now that she is on her own Anne must make decisions about what she feels are her values and morals. She is now deciding what she feels is right and what is wrong. Anne is finding out what causes she wants to support and what she wants to fight against. She is becoming aware of the fact that there are consequences for every one of her actions. She has decided that it is no longer a good idea to do drugs and party every night because it affects her studies. The last of the developmental tasks that she must deal with is finding a career. She decided that after high school she wanted to continue her education and go on to college. Anne was originally a Biology major but found that she preferred Criminal Justice instead. Anne is taking steps toward graduation and building a resume in order to find a job in the future. Authority Vs Individuality Essay She is now taking her studies seriously to insure that she will graduate. She .

What is Jane Austins Naratology Essay Example

What is Jane Austins Naratology? Essay Jane Austen (1775-1817) English novel Pride and Prejudice was written between October 1796 and August 1797, but it was published in January 1813. This female novelist is considered to be a rebel within the norm and her works will show a very interesting ambivalence between the restrictions of society, which she regarded, and the freedom of her mind. The purpose of this essay is to show this ambivalence in the novel. To do so, we are going to base our analysis on the narratological level, a method of analysis which will help us discover Jane Austenà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s complexity. Pride and Prejudice is a very complicated novel. It has an incredible number of characters whose lives get mixed throughout the story. It would be impossible to analyse each of these characters and their functions in the novel, so we will concentrate mainly in two: Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy. The first is the second eldest daughter of the Bennet family and the latter is a rich gentleman who, in the end, will become Elizabethà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s husband. My hypothesis in this essay is: to what extend does the character of Elizabeth Bennet manipulate the readerà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s opinion on Mr. Darcy, and other minor charcters surrounding them? The answer, as I will prove, is that, in my opinion, Elizabeth only manipulates us at the beginning, when we get to know her, and that is just because we do not know what she is trying to do. I am going to concentrate my analysis in the first part of the novel, that is to say, the first 35 chapters. Narratology will be my method, so we will have to distinguish between narrator and focaliser in the novel to get to the answer I mentioned before. Those two names stand for the one who tells and the one who sees respectively. The one who sees, the focaliser, will be our main concern when analysing the novel, because focalization is the most subtle means of manipulating the information presented to the reader.1 We will write a custom essay sample on What is Jane Austins Naratology? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What is Jane Austins Naratology? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What is Jane Austins Naratology? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Elizabeth Bennet is the protagonist of the novel. She manipulates the elements of the fabula, the way in which the elements of the story are presented, to create certain impressions on the reader. Then, she is the focaliser whereas Mr. Darcy is going to be her object of focalisation. When I say that she is the focaliser, I mean that we are going to see everything that happens through her eyes, from her subjectivity. That is why she can manipulate what we think of other characters, and specially of Mr. Darcy, although she cannot do it for long as I said before. Her position with respect to Darcy is that of inferiority in a sense. She knows she is a very clever woman, but at the same time, she also knows that he belongs to a higher social status, so she is afraid of what he might think of her. She would like to have someone like Darcy, but maybe she cannot succeed. That is why, her first reaction towards him is of absolute despise. Inequality and fear are the psychological attitudes sh own towards the object of focalization. Mr. Dacy appears for the first time in the novel in chapter 3, where we have a full description of him: the gentleman pronounced him to be a fine figure of a man, the ladies declared that he was much handsomer than Mr. Bingley?. Here, we see a quite straightforward description, the verbs used are to pronounce and to declare. These two verbs do not imply any interpretation of him, they just suggest mere actions. But if we continue reading, we get verbs such as he was looked at and he was discovered to be proud. The question that arises now is: who is looking at him or discovering something in him?. The focaliser is the answer. But, who is it?, Elizabeth?, all the ladies at the party? The author? A mixture of all?. I would say that we are watching him through Elizabethà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s eyes. She is at the ball where Mr. Darcy is, and she is going to be rejected by him a few lines later. That is how she manipulates us. We do not know that he will despise her yet, but she is giving us a bad impression of him beforehand so that we start detesting him, just as she does. On the contrary, Mr. Bingley, Mr. Darcyà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s male opposite in the novel, is the one to be liked. He is an agreeable man and he also likes Jane Bennet, Elizabeth eldest sister, so we end up thinking he is much better than Mr. Darcy. Elizabeth felt Janeà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s pleasure. Again, Elizabeth feels what the reader is supposed to feel. We are under her perception of events. In chapter 6, Elizabeth talks to her best friend Charlotte Lucas. In this conversation, we just get Elizabethà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s perception of what happened at Meryton. She gives us her opinion of what her sister Jane feels, although we do not listen to Jane herself. At the beginning of the chapter, Elizabeth still saw superciliously in their treatment of everybody that is to say, she does not like those at Netherfield and so, she makes sure that we are going to share her perception. We do not question her, because all we hear and see is what she hears and sees. Now, Mr. Darcy is somehow attracted to Elizabeth, and he tries to dance with her, but she is very proud and will not consent. We are force to think that he is the proud one, although she is just the same. She is just full of what she detests: prejudices and pride. In chapter 9, we find the lady Bennets at Netherfield. Jane is ill so she has to stay there. Elizabeth proves herself to be a great observer of characters. In this chapter, Elizabeth even explains Mr. Darcyà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s words. At one point, she says to her mother you quite mistook Mr. Darcy How is it possible that everyone misunderstands information but her? We start thinking that she is neither honest nor objective. This forms part of irony, very much enjoyed by Jane Austen. Elizabeth thinks she is very clever nad objective when analysing someoneà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s behaviour. Here is where we find irony, the author is just using her to make a fool of those kind of women who think that their judgements are the only valid ones. This irony places us at the same level, we share Elizabethà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s views, so we are also fools at the beginning. What is important is that we have to realise that we are being manipulated, so we have to think for ourselves forgetting about Elizabeth. Mrs. Bennet says at one point everybody is to judge for themselves but we do not pay attention to these surrounding comments because we are too much bewildered by what happens to Elizabeth and what he thinks about it. The manipulation of the focaliser is so subtle, that we do not realise we are being manipulated. At the opening of chapter 10, Mr. Darcy is writing a letter while Elizabeth is busy with some needlework. Miss Bingley is sitting near Darcy criticising his handwriting. Once more, Elizabeth will try to manipulate our perception of both characters. Elizabeth took up some needlework and was sufficiently amused in attending to what passed between Darcy and his companion By using the verb amused we get the idea of something interesting, of something worth being listened to and then laughed at or criticised by our minds as readers as well.